转化酶的概念转化酶的分类分布转化酶在植物糖代谢中的作用转化酶基因的进化1概念转化酶（Invertase)，又称蔗糖酶或β-呋喃果糖苷酶。是与蔗糖代谢密切相关的一种酶，催化蔗糖不可逆水解成葡萄糖和果糖。Sucrose+H2O-----Glucose+Fructose与糖代谢相关的酶蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）磷酸蔗糖磷酸化酶（SPP）蔗糖合成酶（SuSy）转化酶(Inv)2.1转化酶的分类2.2转化酶在源和库细胞中的分布调节植物的生长发育和器官建成细胞壁转化酶在蔗糖的卸载中发挥作用液泡转化酶促进成熟器官液泡的蔗糖积累调节淀粉合成一些酸性转化酶基因作用于病原防治细胞壁转化酶与抗衰老有关酸性转化酶与植物的非生物（干旱）抗性有关转化酶在信号传导中的作用3.1调节植物生长发育和器官建成PhenotypicChangesinTransgenicPlantletsExpressingAntisensemRNAforVacuolarInvertaseorCellWallInvertaseAllplantletsweregrownonhalf-strengthMurashigeandSkoogmediumcontainingonlymacroelementsandmicroelementsand3%sucrose.ThetransgeniccontrolplantletsharborthepromoterofthegeneforcarrotcellwallinvertasefusedtotheGUSreportergene.(A)Antisenseplantletsforcellwallinvertase(Acwi-59,Acwi-65,andAcwi-76)andwild-type(WT)andtransgeniccontrolplantlets(B)Antisenseplantletsforvacuolarinvertase(Avi-34,Avi-47,andAvi-65)andwild-type(WT)andtransgeniccontrolplantletsPhenotypicChangesinMatureTransgenicPlantsPlantsweregrowninsoilinagrowthchamber.ThecontrolplantsaretransgenicandharborthepromoterofthegeneforcarrotcellwallinvertasefusedtotheGUSreportergene.(A)AnAcwiplantandacontrolplant(B)AnAviplantandacontrolplantElectronmicroscopicpicturesofpollenfromwild-type(AandB)andtransgenicplants(C-F)(A)SEMpictureofwild-typepollen.(Bar=5µm.)(B)TransmissionEM(TEM)pictureofwild-typepollen.(Bar=5µm.)(C)SEMpictureofpollenfromNT23-4.(Bar=5µm.)(D)TEMpictureofpollenfromNT23-4.(Bar=5µm.)(E)SEMpictureofpollenfromNT23-6.(Bar=5µm.)(F)TEMpictureofpollenfromNT23-6.(Bar=5µm.)NT23-4representsoneoftheplantswhosepollenshowsgerminationefficienciesbetween25%and40%;NT23-6isoneoftheplantswithgerminationefficiency<2%3.2细胞壁转化酶在蔗糖的卸载中发挥作用3.3液泡转化酶有利于成熟器官液泡积累蔗糖3.4转化酶调节淀粉合成3.5一些转化酶基因参于病原防治植物激素3.6细胞壁转化酶与抗衰老有关转基因(SAG12:Cin1)抑制烟草叶片的衰老3.7酸性转化酶与植物的非生物（干旱）抗性有关渗透调节信号3.8转化酶在信号传导中的作用4转化酶基因的进化原始真核细胞谢谢