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TheDevelopmentofContinuousCasting【连铸】——中英文对照ContinuousCastingFromtheMaking,ShapingandTreatingofSteelbyWilliam，McGraw—HillCompanies,Inc.,2002TheDevelopmentofContinuousCastingContinuouscastingwasdevelopedveryrapidlyaftertheSecondWorldWar.Steel-producersarctodaygenerallyconvincedthatcontinuouscastingisatleastaseconomicalasingotproductionandcanmatchthequalityofthelatteracrossmuchoftheproductionspectrumforhigh-qualitysteels.Continualdevelopmentofthetechniqueaimedatimprovedsteelcharacteristicsisleadingtoincreasingadoptionoftheprocessinworksproducingspecialhigh-gradesteels.Thereasonsforcontinuous-castingsystemsare:(1)lowerinvestmentoutlaycomparedwiththatforabloomingtrain(mini-steelworks);(2)about10%moreproductivitythanwithconventionalingot-casting;(3)highdegreeofconsistencyofsteelcompositionalongthewholelengthofthestrand;bettercorequality,especiallywithflatstrands;highinherentsurfacequality,leadingtosavingsonanotherwiseexpensivesurfacingprocess;(4)highdegreeofautomation;(5)friendliertotheenvironment;(6)betterworkingconditions.TypesofInstallationThefirstcontinuous-castingplantswerealignedvertically;however,withlargercross-sections,increasingstrand-length,and,aboveall,withincreasingpouring-ratesthistypeofconstructionleadstounreasonablebuilding-heights.Thesefactorsalsoleadtoaconsiderableincreaseinthelengthoftheliquidphasewhichhasmetallurgicaleffects.Thelengthoftheliquidphaseinacontinuously-caststrandisdeterminedbythefollowingformula:L=D2/4x2VcWhereD=strandthickness(mm)x=solidificationcharacteristic(mm/min1/2)Thesevaluesamountto26～33forthewholecoolinglength.Vc=castingrate(m/min)Effortstoreducebuilding-heightfirstledtocontinuous-castingsystemsinwhichmoltenmetalpassedintoaverticalmouldandsolidifiedcompletelybeforebeingbentorwherethestrandhasbeenintheliquidphaseandlatertothebow-typeinstallationwhichhasacurvedmouldandisthesystemmostusedtoday.Verticalsystemsandthoseinwhichthestrandisbentwhencompletelysolidifiedhavelongstraightliquidphasesandcanleadtounacceptabl
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