神经干细胞（完整版）实用资料(可以直接使用，可编辑完整版实用资料，欢迎下载）NeuralStemCellsAnOverviewRossellaGalli,AngelaGritti,LucaBonfanti,AngeloLuigiVescoviAbstract—Thisreviewfocusesonthenatureandfunctionalpropertiesofstemcellsoftheadultmammaliancentralnervoussystem(CNS.Ithasrecentlybeenshownthatcellturnover,includingneurons,doesoccurinthematureCNS,thankstothepersistenceofprecursorcellsthatpossessthefunctionalcharacteristicsofbona-fideneuralstemcells(NSCswithinrestrictedbrainareas.Wediscusshowthesubventricularzoneoftheforebrain(SVZisthemostactiveneurogeneticareaandtherichestsourceofNSCs.TheseNSCsensurealife-longcontributionofnewneuronstotheolfactorybulband,whenplacedinculture,canbegrownandextensivelyexpandedformonths,allowingthegenerationofstemcelllines,whichmaintainstableandconstantfunctionalproperties.AsurveyofthedifferentiationpotentialoftheseNSCs,bothinvitroandinvivo,outlinestheirextremeplasticitythatseemstooutstretchthebrainboundaries,sothattheseneuroectodermalstemcellsmaygiverisetocellsthatderivefromdevelopmentallydistincttissues.Acriticaldiscussionofthelatest,controversialfindingsregardingthissurprisingphenomenonisprovided.(CircRes.2003;92:598-608.KeyWords:stemcellsⅢtransdifferentiationⅢneurogenesisThenervoustissue,particularlythatofthecentralnervoussystem(CNS,isendowedwithseveralpeculiarcharac-teristicsthatmakeituniqueamongtheotherbodilytissues.Ultimately,thesepropertiesrelatetotheCNSheterogeneouscellcompositionthatunderliestheelaborationofanenor-mousamountofinformationintoacomplexoutput.Histori-cally,thiscomplexityhasbeenseeninextricablylinkedtothelackofanycellturnoverintheadultbrain.Thedogmaticviewofanever-immutableneuraltissueinmammalsisnowbeenreplacedbythenotionthatcellreplacementoccurswithinspecificbrainregionsthroughoutadulthood.Thiscontinuousneurogeneticprocessissustainedbythelife-longpersistenceofneuralstemcells(NSCswithinrestrictedCNSareas.Intheadultmammalianbrain,thegenesisofnewneuronshasbeenconsistentlydocumentedinthesubgranularlayerofthedentategyrusofthehippocampus1andth