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Adiabaticprocess(絕熱過程)Derivethevalueofideagas(19–11)f=3Cv=3/2R=12.5J/mol.KCp=5/2R=20.8J/mol.KTheoreticalvaluesofCV,CP,andareinexcellentagreementformonatomicgases.MolarSpecificHeatforanIdealgasAdiabaticexpansiondQ=0(絕熱膨脹)(19–16)BlockDiagramofClement-Desorms’Experiment球型玻璃瓶(sphericalglassware)銅蓋(CupperTip,可沿瓶口水平方向滑動而移開或滑入原位)橡皮管(rubbertube)玻璃氣閥(glassvalve)打氣球(gaschargingball)U-型軟管(U-shapesofttube,內裝測氣體壓力的液體)ValuederivedinClassicalMechanicsMolarSpecificHeatIdealMonatomicGas-containsonlyoneatompermoleculeAdiabaticProcessforanIdealGasOthercontributionstointernalenergymustbetakenintoaccount:Translationalmotionofthecenterofmass:3degreesoffreedomRotationalmotionaboutthevariousaxes:2degreesoffreedomforxandzaxesToneglecttherotationaroundtheyaxissinceitisnegligiblecomparedtothexandzaxes.Eint=5/2nRTCV=5/2R=20.8J/mol.KCp=7/2R=29.1J/mol.Kpredictsthatg=7/5=1.40ThemoleculecanalsovibrateThereiskineticenergyandpotentialenergyassociatedwiththevibrationsThisaddstwomoredegreesoffreedomEint=7/2nRT,Cv=7/2R=29.1J/mol.Kg=1.29AgreementwithExperiment-Molarspecificheatofadiatomicgas(actslikeamonatomicgas)isafunctionofT.QuantizationofEnergyDVD:自然界的引擎(EngineofNature)(MU46)
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