新思维英语阅读自测题ReadingplusIVB卷（完整版）实用资料(可以直接使用，可编辑完整版实用资料，欢迎下载）新思维英语阅读(四自测题B卷ReadingOneDifferingAttitudesabouttheHumanBodyAdaptedfrom“BodyRitualAmongtheNacirema”byHoraceMiner,1946,fromReadingsociology,PineForgePress,1995.ReprintedbypermissionoftheAmericanAnthropologyAssociation.Anthropologistshavebecomesofamiliarwiththediversityofwaysinwhichdifferentsocietiesbehaveinsimilarsituationsthattheyarenotapttobesurprisedbyeventhemostexoticcustoms.Thereisonesocialgroup,however,whichhasbeendescribedascarryingoutsuchhighlyunusualrituals,thatinfactsomeanthropologistsdescribeitasanexampleoftheextremestowhichhumanbehaviorcango.ThisgroupofpeopleisknownastheNacirema.TheyareaNorthAmericangrouplivinginthecentralUnitedStates.Littleisknownoftheirorigin,althoughtraditionstatesthattheycamefromtheeast.AccordingtoNaciremamythology,theirnationwasoriginatedbyaculturehero,Notgnihsaw,whoisknownforhisphysicalandspiritualstrength.Naciremacultureischaracterizedbyahighlydevelopedmarketeconomythathasevolvedinarichnaturalhabitat.Whilemuchofthepeople’stimeisdevotedtoeconomicpursuits,alargepartofthefruitsoftheselaborsandaconsiderableportionofthedayarespentinritualactivity.Thefocusofthisactivityisthehumanbody,theappearanceandhealthofwhichloomasadominantconcernintheethosofthepeople.Andwhilesuchaconcerniscertainlynotunusual,theirattitudetowardthehumanbody,theirphilosophyonhealth,andritualmaintenanceofthehumanbodydifferradicallyfromthenorm.Firstofall,thefundamentalviewtheytakeofthebodyisquitetheopposite.Inmostsocieties,peopleareencouragedtohaveapositiveself-image—fromchildhoodwearesocializedwiththeideathatourbodiesshouldbeourprideandthatweshouldmakeanefforttoenhanceourphysicalattributesthroughexercise,goodeatinghabitsand,insomecases,cosmeticapplications.TheNaciremapeople,ontheotherhand,aresocializedtorejecttheirbodies—ataveryearlyagetheyhaveacquiredaningrainednegativeself-imageofthemselves.Theybelievethehumanbodyisbasicallyuglyanditsnaturaltendencyistodebilityanddisease.Theyareconvincedthatman’sonlyho