哮喘英文和中文I.Epidemiology流行病学Averycommondisease哮喘为常见病USA5%美国5％China0.5%-1.0%中国0.5%-1.0%Prevalenceisincreasingworldwide全球范围内该病的患病率在上升II.Definition定义Asthmaisachronicinflammatorydisorderoftheairwaysinwhichmanycellsandcellularelementsplayarole.Thechronicinflammationcausesanassociatedairwayhyperresponsivenessthatleadstorecurrentepisodesofwheezing,breathlessness,chesttightness,andcoughing,particularlyatnightorintheearlymorning.Theseepisodesareusuallyassociatedwithwidespreadbutvariableairflowobstructionthatisoftenreversibleeitherspontaneouslyorwithtreatment.KeyPointsChronicairwayinflammation气道慢性炎症Airwayhyperresponsiveness气道高反应性Reversibleairflowobstruction可逆性气道狭窄Symptoms:症状Wheezing喘鸣Breathlessness气短Chesttightness胸闷Coughing咳嗽Typicallyatnightorintheearlymorning典型者于深夜或凌晨发作III.Etiology病因Unknown不明Geneticfactors?遗传因素？Environmentfactors?环境因素？Thecombinationofthesetwo?遗传与环境因素共同作用？etc.Longtermevaluation(Tab.Controlsymptomseffectively控制症状有效Step4:Severepersistent第四级:重度持续发作China0.Theseepisodesareusuallyassociatedwithwidespreadbutvariableairflowobstructionthatisoftenreversibleeitherspontaneouslyorwithtreatment.PEF,FEV1<60%Pr.Acutebronchoconstriction急性支气管收缩0%中国0.Cromolysodium色苷酸钠IL-5白介素-5Atypicalcases不典型病例goodforoldpeople尤其适用于老年人Skintestsforspecificantigens过敏原皮试Wheezing喘鸣Eosinophils嗜酸细胞Bloodroutine血常规2.EnvironmentalFactors环境的因素Allergens(domesticmites,animalallergens,fungi,etc.)过敏原（屋尘螨，动物过敏原，真菌，等等）Respiratoryinfections(especiallyviralinfections)呼吸道感染（尤其是病毒感染）Exerciseandhyperventilation运动和高通气Weather气候变化Sulfurdioxide二氧化硫Food食品Additives食品添加剂Drugs药品V.Pathogenesis发病机制Envir.factors+Geneticfactors环境＋遗传因素ChronicAirwayInflamation慢性气道炎症Acutebronchoconstriction急性支气管收缩Hyperresponsiveness气道高反应性Swellingoftheairwaywall气道壁肿胀Chronicmucusplugformation慢性粘液栓形成Airwaywallremodeling气道壁构型重建Airflowobstruction气流阻塞Symptoms各种症状NetworkofInflammatoryProcess炎症反应网络Relevantcells有关的细胞Mastcells肥大细胞Eosinophils嗜酸细胞Tlymphocytes(Th1/Th2)T细胞(Th1/Th2）Basocytes嗜碱细胞Neutr