可编辑word文档可编辑word文档可编辑word文档Chapter1UnderstandingtheSupplyChain1.1WhatisaSupplyChain?1.2TheObjectiveofaSupplyChain1.3TheImportanceofSupplyChainDecisions1.4DecisionPhasesinaSupplyChain1.5ProcessViewsofaSupplyChain1.6ExamplesofSupplyChainsDiscussthegoalofasupplychainandexplaintheimpactofsupplychaindecisionsonthesuccessofafirm.Identifythethreekeysupplychaindecisionphasesandexplainthesignificanceofeachone.Describethecycleandpush/pullviewsofasupplychain.Classifythesupplychainmacroprocessesinafirm.WhatisaSupplyChain?什么是供应链?Asupplychainconsistsofallpartiesinvolved,directlyorindirectly,infulfillingacustomerrequest.供应链包括直接或间接参与实现客户要求的所有各方。Thesupplychainincludesnotonlythemanufacturerandsuppliers,butalsotransporters,warehouses,retailers,andevencustomersthemselves.供应链不仅包括制造商和供应商，还包括运输商、仓库、零售商，甚至客户本身。Witheachorganization,suchasamanufacturer,thesupplychainincludesallfunctionsinvolvedinreceivingandfillingacustomerrequest.对于每个组织，如制造商，供应链包括接收和填写客户请求所涉及的所有功能。Thesefunctionsinclude,butarenotlimitedto,newproductdevelopment,marketing,operations,distribution,finance,andcustomerservice.这些功能包括但不限于新产品开发、市场营销、运营、分销、财务和客户服务。TheDefinitionofSupplyChain供应链的定义Supplychainincludes:供应链包括：ExternalSupplyChain外部供应链InternalSupplyChain内部供应链ExternalSupplyChain:Consistsofallpartiesinvolved,directlyorindirectly,infulfillingacustomerrequest.由所有相关方直接或间接履行客户要求。InternalSupplyChain:Includesallfunctionsinvolvedinreceivingandfillingacustomerrequest.包括接收和填写客户请求所涉及的所有功能。Asupplychainisdynamicandinvolvestheconstantflowofinformation,product,andfundsamongdifferentstages.供应链是动态的，涉及到信息、产品和资金在不同阶段的不断流动。Atypicalsupplychainmayinvolveavarietyofstages,includingthefollowing:一个典型的供应链可能涉及到多个阶段，包括以下几个方面：Customers顾客Retailers零售商Wholesalers/distributors批发商Manufacturers制造商Component/rawmaterialsuppliers零部件/原材料供应商Eachstageinasupplychainisconnectedthroughtheflowofproducts,information,andfunds.供应链中的每个阶段都是通过产品、信息和资金的流动来连接的。Theseflowsoftenoccurinbothdirectionsandmaybemanagedbyoneofthestage