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中国铁路发展定稿Studentswillbeableto:ReadingAWords&ExpressionsRailtransportisthemostcommonlyusedmodeoflong-distancetransportationinChina.AlmostallrailoperationsarehandledbytheMinistryofRailways,whichispartoftheStateCouncilofChina.Bytheendof,theoperatingrailnetworktraversesthelengthandbreadthofthecountry,coveringatotallengthof91,000km,makingonlytherailnetworksintheUnitedStatesandRussialargerinsize.Asof,ChineseRailwayownedabout603,082wagons,49,355coachesand18,922locomotivesandranmorethan38,000trainsdaily,includingabout3,500passengertrains.Thenetworktodayservesallprovinces,withtheexceptionofthespecialadministrativeregionofMacau.AsofOctober,theChineseStateCouncilapprovedanewCNY2trillionrailwayinvestmentplantotakeitupto.TheschemeextendedChina'spreviouslyannouncedrailwaybuildingprogram,whichwasallocatedCNY1.25trillionintheEleventhFive-YearPlanfor2006to.Asaresultoftheincreasedinvestment,thecountry'srailwaynetworkgrewfrom78,000kmattheendof2007to91,000kmattheendof,Growthinfreighttransportwasthoughttobeoneofthedriversbehindtheincreasedfocusonrail,andtheneedtoincreasecapacitytomeetrisingdemand.ThefirstrailroadtobebuiltinChinawastheWoosungRailwayin1876.By1911,therewerearound9,000kmoftracksinChina.However,manyrailwaysweredesigned,constructed,orevenownedbyforeigncompanies.ThefirstindigenouslydesignedandconstructedrailwaybyChineseistheJingzhangrailwaybuiltfrom1905to1909,adifficultjobduetothemountainousterrain.ThechiefengineerofthisrailwaywasZhanTianyou,whoisknownastheFatherofChina'sRailway.AftertheestablishmentofnewChina,thenewgovernmentinvestedheavilyintherailwaynetwork.Fromthe1950stothe70s,lines,especiallythoseinwesternChina,wereexpanded.Oneexampleisthe1900kmrailwayfromLanzhoutoUrumqi,whichwasbuiltbetween1952and1962.InSouthwesternChina,severalmountainrailwayswereconstructed,suchastheBaoji-ChengduRailway,builtinthe1950s,andtheChengkunRailway,builtinthe1970s.TherailwaytoXizang(Tibet),theQingzangrailway,wasoneofthemostdifficulttobuild;thelinewasfinallycompletedandopenedtothepublicin2006.T